The physical consequences of living in a damp, moldy house are well documented and include increased asthma attacks and other respiratory ailments, headaches, fatigue, and sore throats. However, recent studies suggest that mould exposure may also impact our mental health.
See some of the research findings, and what this means below:
1. Mould and Depression
A 2007 Brown University Study by Edmond Shenassa analysed 5,882 adults across 2,982 households in the United States, identifying a link between mould exposure in the home and residents' mental health, specifically depression.
The study found that residents living in visibly damp, mouldy homes had 34–44% higher recorded levels of depression compared to those in mould-free households.
Even at minimal to moderate levels of mould exposure, depression rates were still 28–34% higher than in mould-free environments.
While the study did not establish a direct causal relationship, it was among the first to highlight a connection between household mould and depression.
2. Mould and Brain Fog
Exposure to mould, particularly in water-damaged buildings, has been linked to brain fog in a number of studies. Brain fog is a neurological condition characterised by difficulty concentrating, confusion, and memory issues. This cognitive dysfunction, also known as toxic encephalopathy, occurs when mold spores or fragments are inhaled, triggering immune responses that lead to brain inflammation. The cognitive effects are similar to those seen in mild traumatic brain injury, impacting memory, visual processing, and psychomotor speed. If this mould exposure occurs for a prolonged period, and the resulting symptoms of brain fog, it has also been linked to conditions such as ME / CF.
3. Mould and Anxiety
A 2024 Guangzhou University Study by Bing Yan analysed data from 11,021 participants aged 65 and older, finding a significant link between mold exposure and increased anxiety. This may be partly explained by the fact that inhaling mold spores can trigger an immune response, potentially disrupting brain chemicals involved in mood regulation and contributing to anxiety disorders. Often referred to as "mold toxicity," this condition can cause symptoms such as brain fog, irritability, and difficulty concentrating alongside anxiety. While this study focuses on older adults, research suggests this link may extend across all age groups.
